Bayelsa Medical University Yenagoa
PIO 214: Cardiovascular system/Respiratory Physiology
Practice 366+ past questions for PIO 214 (Cardiovascular system/Respiratory Physiology) at Bayelsa Medical University Yenagoa. Organized by topic with explanations. Free preview on Testwiz.
About PIO 214 at Bayelsa Medical University Yenagoa
PIO 214 at Bayelsa Medical University Yenagoa (BMU) covers the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, with a focus on ECG interpretation. The course includes the anterior and posterior views of the heart, non-invasive and invasive diagnostic techniques, heart rate and rhythm analysis, abnormal electrical conduction, ischemia, heart attack, and coronary artery disease. This topic-based practice material is designed for BMU medical and allied health students preparing for exams and clinical rotations.
Practicing past questions by topic helps you master the core concepts and clinical applications of cardiovascular and respiratory physiology. By focusing on specific areas like ECG wave components, lead positions, and heart rate determination, you can identify your weak points, reinforce your understanding, and build the speed and accuracy needed for exam success. This targeted approach is more efficient than general review and directly aligns with the BMU curriculum.
Topics covered
Sample questions
1. In the anterior view of the lung, which lobe is present on the right side but not visible on the left?
2. In the posterior view of the lungs, which bronchopulmonary segment is found in both the right and left lower lobes?
3. Which non-invasive technique for measuring cardiac output relies on changes in electrical impedance across the chest?
4. An invasive technique for measuring cardiac output involves inserting a catheter into the pulmonary artery and using thermodilution. What is this technique called?
5. What is the normal resting heart rate used as a reference in the description of the cardiac cycle?
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Get started freeFrequently asked questions
What are the standard ECG wave components and their normal durations?
The standard ECG waves are P wave (atrial depolarization, normal duration <0.12s), QRS complex (ventricular depolarization, normal duration 0.06-0.10s), and T wave (ventricular repolarization). The PR interval (onset of P to onset of QRS) is normally 0.12-0.20s, and the QT interval (onset of QRS to end of T) is normally <0.44s at a heart rate of 60-100 bpm.
How do you determine heart rate from an ECG?
Heart rate can be determined by dividing 300 by the number of large squares between two consecutive R waves (for regular rhythms). For irregular rhythms, count the number of QRS complexes in a 6-second strip and multiply by 10. Alternatively, use the formula: heart rate = 1500 / number of small squares between R waves.
What is the difference between non-invasive and invasive techniques for assessing the cardiovascular system?
Non-invasive techniques include ECG, echocardiography, and blood pressure measurement—they do not require entering the body. Invasive techniques include cardiac catheterization, angiography, and intra-arterial pressure monitoring—they involve inserting instruments into blood vessels or heart chambers to directly measure pressures, oxygen saturation, or visualize blockages.
What are the common ECG lead positions and types?
ECG leads are divided into limb leads (I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF) and precordial (chest) leads (V1-V6). Limb leads are placed on the arms and legs; precordial leads are placed on the chest in specific intercostal spaces. Bipolar leads (I, II, III) measure voltage between two electrodes; unipolar leads (aVR, aVL, aVF, V1-V6) measure voltage between one electrode and a reference point.